Monitoring and Control of 3 Phase Electrical Energy Internet of Things (IoT) Based

— Monitoring the use of electrical energy is generally done by looking at the kWh meter on the installed panel. Power consumption can also be done by measuring directly on the network or electrical load using a Watt meter. Monitoring of 3-phase electrical energy needs to be monitored, especially to find out the amount of energy used in each phase, and on the other hand, it needs to be controlled so that energy use can be controlled, both for each phase or 3 phases. This study aims to design an IoT-based 3-phase electrical energy monitoring and control application. Data on the flow of electrical energy flowing to the load can be monitored from the android, and vice versa can be controlled by disconnecting and reconnecting the energy flow. The PZEM004T component is used as an energy flow sensor, buttons on the application function to disconnect and connect energy flows, and LCD12C and smartphones are used as monitoring devices. The Blynk application is equipped with several switch buttons used to control energy use, along with electronic device control. The data read by the tool can be retrieved and stored in Blynk using the superchart widget so that the operator can see previous history record data sent to emails that have been linked to the Blynk application according to the operator's wishes. The results of the research show that the research tool can display voltage, current, power, energy, and frequency data that can be displayed on a smartphone and LCD. The average error of the mains power compared to the reference meter is 0.02%.


I. INTRODUCTION
The kilo Watt hour (kWh) meter device provided by the State Electricity Company (PLN) generally has a display in the form of a display to display voltage and current data on the R phase, S phase, T phase lines, but this data still cannot display the electric power on the each 3-phase line or on a 1phase power line and monitoring is still directly on the kWh meter, so it is less time efficient for operators (officers) or agencies because they have to go directly to the kWh panel location. In order to make it easier for officers to monitor the kWh meter, it is necessary to have a tool that can be used to carry out remote monitoring online. Some research related to monitoring or controlling electrical energy and its components is research using microcontroller-based monitoring tools that monitor electrical energy by utilizing a step-down transformer to measure the source voltage from PLN, while to measure load currents using ACS712 current sensors, and ATmega328 microcontroller which functions to process all data parameters -parameters needed to get the value of electrical energy and displayed on the LCD [1].
Research on monitoring the use of electric power to avoid excessive electricity consumption, IoT (Internet of Things) technology that has been carried out by Biasrori et al. allows computer and Android devices to monitor the system automatically anywhere via internet network electrical system that is used for large loads such as buildings or industry, namely a 3-phase system [2]. Very rapid technological advances need to be supported by a good management system, especially in terms of electricity, for example in distributing the load evenly on 3-phase electricity lines R, S, and T. Research conducted by Samsugi and Kastutara, monitoring the electric power of a Buildings that use 3-phase electricity, a system designed using the ESP8266 module with the aim of controlling the installed electronics and monitoring the electrical power used every second with the Blynk application via wifi [3].
NodeMCU ESP8266 which is used for monitoring and controlling prepaid water usage from Telegram and Website applications [4]. The Blynk application functions as an output or switch for remote control of single-phase electricity [5]. Blynk application used for monitoring and control of HSD and PLTGU Grati [6]. Research conducted by Anwar et al. regarding the PZEM-004T sensor used for measuring voltage and electric current [7].
Research on the implementation of IoT (Internet of Things) based applications using the ACS712 30A Current sensor functions to obtain data on voltage, current and power usage, but if there is a blackout, the measuring instrument (prototype) will restart again and for re-measurement it is necessary to set and recalibrate [8]. The controller provides access from an Arduino-based remote control system with the ESP8266 wifi module in Internet of Things applications with the addition of a 4 channel relay module as a switch and the ESP8266 wifi module which functions to help calculate the execution time of data stored on the database server until the light turns on or off [9]. Monitoring system for voltage, current, output frequency of a 3-phase generator on a mini power module [10]. Monitoring the use of 3-phase electric power based on a power meter [11]. Making hardware capable of monitoring 3-phase electrical systems in two different buildings, this tool can monitor safe electrical quantities for the electrical system and display them in graphical form [12]. The online monitoring system that is made still uses the LAN as a connection to the server, it is necessary to add the ESP625 wifi module and load sharing so that becomes stable between the phases [13].

Monitoring and Control of 3 Phase Electrical Energy
Internet of Things (IoT) Based

Candra Dwi Hantoro and Sabar Setiawidayat
Calculation and processing of data to obtain a power value using a microcontroller and ethernet shield module and LAN network [14]. Logger, used SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) serial communication programming to obtain digital data from the MCP3204 12-bit ADC as well as to write data to the SD Card, and I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) serial communication programming to obtain data about time from the Real Time Clock IC (RTC) DS1307 [15]. Installing street lighting, monitoring street lighting using communication between devices and severs requires sending and information protocols [16]. A wireless heart electrical signal monitoring system, as well as other studies to detect cardiac electrical signals using disposable electrodes [17].
Based on the description above, there are several methods and applications that have been implemented with the aim of monitoring and controlling 3-phase electric power. In previous studies there were deficiencies that could be developed by integrating a monitoring and control system designed to measure the amount of electric current, voltage, and electric power in a building that requires remote monitoring and control with switches to regulate load usage using a microcontroller, the results of which will be displayed on the smartphone. Load monitoring is designed to make it easier to maintain or check the use of electric loads via a smartphone and can display historical data to display power and electrical load data that is continuously used in rooms with loads in the form of electronic devices that can be monitored remotely using a smartphone at any time without having to come to that location.
On this basis, the authors propose the topic/title of Monitoring and Control of 3-Phase Electrical Energy Based on the Internet of Things (IoT) to make it easier for officers to carry out inspections and evaluations of load usage in buildings. The components used based on existing literature to support tool design are the NodemCU ESP8266 microcontroller which is easy to apply and can access the internet network to send and retrieve data via a wifi connection, then the PZEM-004T sensor where the sensor can read voltage, current, power and energy simultaneously.

II. METHOD
The research method is basically a scientific way to determine measurement or analysis steps with specific goals and uses. The research method used consists of 5 parts, namely: Survey, design, testing, data collection, evaluation. The survey stage is the data source (what tools are used based on previous research) collected based on existing literature, taking some data from reliable sources based on previous research related to what will be done.
The design stage is to describe the system design that will be used, in the form of a block diagram. The testing phase is to test the tools that have been installed. The data collection stage is data collection by implementing measurements in the field. The evaluation stage is to understand the problems that occur in the tool design process, observe the work system on the design tool, collect data from the test tool design results, then determine what deficiencies or weaknesses and advantages exist in the design tool.

A. Hardware System Design
The block diagram of a 3-phase electrical energy monitoring and control system based on IoT (internet of things) is shown in Fig. 2. The working principle of the block diagram shown in Fig.  2 is that there is a 3-phase conductor, namely R phase, S phase, and T phase, then there is a sensor as input for NodeMCU esp8266, namely the AC voltage sensor (PZEM-004T sensor), the parameters read by the sensor These are voltage, current, power and electrical energy. The data obtained from the sensor will be sent to the blynk cloud, then there is a wifi router that will be used as a wifi wave transmitter that will connect NodeMCU esp8266 to the internet cloud. Data from the internet cloud can be monitored and controlled by devices that have access to the internet cloud using the Blynk application on an Android smartphone, then also displayed on the I2C LCD for direct monitoring on the kWh meter panel. The relay module is an output controlled by NodeMCU esp8266 to control a load that is used based on commands from the user.

B. Flowchart Diagram
The initial step of the process that will be carried out is initialization which is the preparation stage for using the pin that will be used on the NodeMCU ESP8266. The next step to measure voltage, current, power, and energy. The data is sent to NodeMCU ESP8266 and sent to the internet cloud then from the blynk application you can give commands to turn ON/OFF to each relay contact on the R, S, T phase lines according to the user's command or wish to control the use of the electric load on each -each group then orders to turn off the system or not so that the system will die or repeat the process continuously. The tool work system flowchart is shown in Fig. 3.

A. NodeMCU Microcontroller Output Testing
This test is conducted to find out that the NodeMCU system can function as output. In this test the pin used is pin D0 which is to turn on the LED indicator. From the results of this test can be seen in Fig. 4.

B. Relay Module Testing
This test is carried out to find out that the relay module can function as an electronic switch. From the results of this test can be seen from Fig. 5.

C. PZEM-004T Sensor Testing
In this test using the PZEM-004T which is used to read voltage, current, power and electrical energy. From the results of this test can be seen in Fig. 6. From the observation of several research tool tests, a comparative test was carried out using a measuring instrument module and a Watt meter reference tool using a 60 Watt incandescent light load. The results of comparative measurements are shown in Table I.
Based on overall testing at several varied voltages using a transformer regulator, it can be seen in Table I that the system created will monitor the parameters of voltage, current, power, energy, and frequency. The provision of an electric load in the form of a 60 Watt incandescent lamp is measured for data collection with the result that the average increase in power to the installed voltage is 4 Watt (a multiple of 10 Volts). From the measurement results, the percentage results of the error rate can be accumulated which can be seen in Table II.  Based on overall testing at several varied voltages which can be seen in Table I. That the system created will monitor the parameters of voltage, current, power, and energy. Provision of an electric load in the form of a 60 Watt incandescent lamp which will be measured for data collection with the result that the average increase in power to the installed voltage is 4 Watt (a multiple of 10 Volts). The result of an average error of 0.02% is obtained by calculating the total error of the research results tool with a reference tool (Watt meter) divided by the total sum of the calculation data on the research tool or with a reference tool (Watt meter), namely 0.23 divided by 1400 with the result percentage of 0.02%. Next meter) is 0.23 divided by 1400 with a percentage of 0.02%. Next, a 3-phase load test is carried out using a 3phase electric motor load which can be seen in Fig. 7. In the 3-phase load test that has been carried out using a 3phase electric motor load using a "Delta" circuit where each of the R, S, and T phase poles on a 3-phase motor is connected directly to the R, S, and T phases on the power source 3 phase. The parameters read are the parameters of current voltage, power and electrical energy. The resulting data is shown in Table III.  Table III shows the value for each measurement parameter obtained from the measurement value of the prototype tool.
From the measurement results using a 3-phase load that has been measured on the R phase which is displayed in graphic form shown in Fig. 8.
The S phase displayed in graphical form is shown in Fig. 9.
The T phase which is displayed in graphical form is shown in Fig. 10.
The display of the blynk application used for monitoring and remote control is shown in Fig. 11.    Based on the results of the data logger on Blynk using the superchart widget shown in Fig. 12, there are 3 graphs, namely the phase R graph, the phase S graph, and the phase T graph. The data can be stored properly on Blynk using the superchart widget so that the operator can see the data previous history record data that can be seen in emails bound to the Blynk application. The form of data reports sent to email is shown in Fig. 13.  In Fig. 13 you can see the form of the file stored on the blynk sent via email based on the voltage parameter stored on pin V0, the current parameter stored on pin V1, then the power parameter on pin V2, and the energy parameter stored on pin V3. The file is in the form of text according to the measured value with the CSV extension which can be opened with microsoft Excel. The hardware form of a 3-phase electrical energy monitoring and control device is shown in Fig. 14. The 3-phase electrical monitoring and control tool shown in Fig. 14 has worked well in measuring the parameters of voltage, current, power and 3-phase electrical energy, the measurement results will be displayed via IoT using the Blynk application which can be seen anywhere and anytime via a smartphone android. The remote-control section has worked well where in each phase there are 2 relays that can be controlled from the Blynk application, 1 relay for the socket and 1 relay for the lamp. The tool also has an LCD added to display readable data if the operator wants to carry out manual monitoring directly on the tool or panel.

IV. CONCLUSION
The design of a 3-phase electrical energy monitoring and control tool made using the Internet of Tings concept has been successfully applied in monitoring and controlling 3phase electrical energy using the Blynk application in real time. From the results of comparative tests that have been carried out with varying voltages between the research results and the Watt meter measuring instrument, the measurement results show an error rate with an average result of 0.02%. Monitoring and control tests on a 3-phase load using a 3phase electric motor were successfully carried out with the parameters of voltage, current, power, energy and frequency for each phase. The data logger method has been successfully applied to monitoring systems to view voltage, current, power and energy data in the form of text data sent via e-mail that has been registered with a Blynk account. Using loads that have large power, it is recommended that the relay capacity be adjusted to the needs of the load to be used, adding notifications when the installed load has reached the maximum reading limit of the PZEM-004T sensor, and calculations related to costs using IOT with Blynk as well as calculating the amount of load from the resulting device research for the specified time.